MVC and MVVM

In MVC, a controller receives a request or input, works with the model (data and business rules) and picks a view to render. Web frameworks such as Laravel, Rails, Django (which calls it MTV), ASP.NET MVC and Spring MVC are built around it. In MVVM, a view model holds a screen's state and actions, and the view binds to it and updates automatically when it changes.

MVVM came from Microsoft's desktop frameworks and is now the usual pattern for Android apps built with Jetpack Compose and ViewModel, and common in SwiftUI apps. Component frameworks such as React blur the lines, but the core idea, keeping business logic out of the interface code, still makes an app easier to test and change.