How it works
Most of it comes from solid basics: real buttons and links instead of clickable divs, headings in order, a label on every form field, alternative text on meaningful images, enough colour contrast, visible focus outlines, and everything reachable by keyboard. ARIA attributes fill gaps for custom widgets, but used wrongly they make things worse, so native HTML elements come first.
The Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) set the standard, with levels A, AA and AAA; most laws point at level AA. The European Accessibility Act has applied to many consumer products and services sold in the EU since June 2025. Automated checkers such as axe and Lighthouse catch only part of the problems, so testing with a keyboard and a screen reader (VoiceOver, NVDA, TalkBack) is part of the job.
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